The European Economic Community And The Euro Dollar Essays

The European Economic Community And The Euro Dollar EEC and the Euro Dollar The European Economic Community (EEC), also known as the common market, was established in 1957 through the treaty of Rome signed between Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Germany in order to achieve economic cooperation. It has since worked for the free movement of labor and capital, the abolition of trusts and cartels, and the development of joint and reciprocal policies on labor, social welfare, agriculture, transport, and foreign trade. Over the years, monetary union has been suggested by the members of the EEC and was finally attained on January 1,1999 when eleven European countries, which are now collectively referred to as Euroland, introduced a single currency, the euro. Since then, the euro has invaded nearly every sector of the world economy. The monetary revolution embodied in the euro involves far more then the elimination of 11 currencies and the distributions of colorful new banknotes and coins across Europe. It entails the solidification of the E uropean Unions common market for goods and services, major structural changes in countries plagued by fiscal imprudence, and the reorganization of monetary policy in some of the worlds most advanced industrialized economies The risks of implementing the euro consist of supply shocks and political discord. Although the ongoing risks of maintaining Economic monetary union may hinder the stability of the euro in the long run, the integration of the euro to the EEC as of January 1999, has so far proven to have a positive affect on the European economy and has allowed it to achieve its primary political and economic goals through its four core benefits: the reduction of transaction costs, the elimination of exchange rate risks, increased price transparency, and the creation of deep financial markets. The Euro is the newly created currency of the European Economic Community, a currency that became legal tender on January 1, 1999. By 2002, euro notes and coins will replace the Austrian schilling, Belgian franc, Finnish markka, French franc, German mark, Irish punt, Italian lira, Luxembourg franc, Dutch guilder, Portuguese escudo, and Spanish peseta. These 11 nations will share a common currency, a single monetary policy, and a single foreign exchange rate policy. Currencies not only serve as a standardized value of measurement, so that we have a consistent way of expressing value, but they also function as an efficient means of payment. Also they serve as a store of value, allowing us to transport wealth easily over a distance and to store it for indefinite periods of time. There are two main reasons for this monetary union within the EEC (European Economic Community), one being a political reason and the other an economic reason. The political arguments are that a single currency will further unite the European alliance, which was formed after WWII, by forcing Europe to act as a whole rather than as single states. This could perhaps eliminate nationalism and bring unity to this continent, which has been plagued by war twice in the last century. The Economic reasons for the euro project can be found in the relatively poor performance of the European economies over the last twenty years or more. Europe has, for a long time, suffered form relatively weak economic growth. Economic growth that trailed behind that in North America and Asia: productivity gains were weak; unemployment remained persistently high; and many European countries suffered form persistently high wage and price inflation. This was generally thought to be caused by relatively rigid and inflexible labor markets; a high level of government involvement in the economy; a less enterprising culture compared, in particular, to that in North America; and a poorer track record of innovation and research and development. The euro has given Europe one of the largest and most powerful trading blocs in the world. Although the euro doesnt alter the fact that Euroland is composed of diverse and highly independent countries, it strengthens the economic and political ties of the region and its part in the world economy. Because of the success of the euro will ultimately be determined by the collaboration of EEC governments through the formulation of exchange rate policy to the harmonization of legal systems and security

Florence Kelley Essays - Child Labor In The United States

Florence Kelley Essays - Child Labor In The United States Florence Kelley Introduction Florence Kelley was born in Philadelphia in 1859 into a cultured and affluent family. Her family was actively devoted to social reform. Her father, Congressman William (Pig Iron) Kelley, fought passionately to persuade government to uphold the rights of the poor and weak. He strongly believed that every child in America, whether born rich or poor should be afforded the same opportunities and chances in life. Florence was conditioned from a very early age to despise the sight of little children hard at work. Her father was a dominating influence throughout Florence's life. He taught her to read at the age of seven. He provided books that focused on child labor and children who were far less fortunate1. He took her on a midnight tour of factories where young boys helped in the manufacturing of steel and glass. There she witnessed the deplorable and dangerous conditions children were forced to work under. She often contends that through this experience, she developed her enthusiasm to advocate for child labor reform. She wrote while still a very young woman, We that are strong, let us bear the infirmities of the weak.2 ____________________ 1 Goldmark, Josephine Clara, Florence Kelley's Life Story: Impatient Crusader. 1953. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. ISBN# 0-8371-9011-8 2 *idbsu.edu/socwork/dhuff/history/extras/kelly.htm*, Florence Kelley A Woman of Fierce Fidelity. Florence's mother, Caroline Bartram-Bonsall, lost her parents at a very young age. Caroline's adoptive family Isaac and Elizabeth Pugh, were close friends of her parents. It was through them that Florence was connected to Sarah Pugh. Florence's Great-Aunt Sarah was a leading abolitionist who advocated on behalf of the women's suffrage movement, the oppression of women, free trade, peace, and a single standard of morals for men and women. Sarah was feisty and strong. She confided to Florence that she never used sugar and she only wore linen undergarments. Her reasoning, she explained was cotton was grown by slaves and sugar also. 3 I decided many years ago never to use either and to bring these facts to the attention of my friends. It was through these influences that Florence developed her passion for socialism. Florence was mature beyond her years. Her school attendance was often interrupted due to illness. She was highly susceptible to infection. To make up for her sporadic attendance she was educated mainly at home and spent endless hours in her father's library reading. 4 In 1876 Kelley enrolled at Cornell University; she was among the first generation of college-educated women. She graduated from Cornell in 1882 earning her Bachelor of Science degree. ____________________ 3 Goldmark, Josephine Clara, Florence Kelley's Life Story: Impatient Crusader. 1953. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. ISBN# 0-8371-9011-8 4 Goldmark, Josephine Clara, Florence Kelley's Life Story: Impatient Crusader. 1953. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. ISBN# 0-8371-9011-8 She applied but was denied entry to the University of Pennsylvania graduate school simply because she was a female. She taught for a brief period and then enrolled in postgraduate studies at the University of Zurich in Switzerland where women were permitted to obtain postgraduate degrees. There she applied her developed passions for Socialism. 5 In following her new commitment she married a medical student, a radical Russian Jew named Lazare Wischnewetzky. Soon after she gave birth to their first child. It was also during that period that she made what is still considered the finest translation of Friedrich Engels' book The Condition of the Working Class in England. She saw to its publication and promotion in the United States and began corresponding with Engels. In 1886, Kelley returned with her family to New York. She quickly gave birth to two more children. She tried and failed to make a place for herself in the largely German-speaking, male dominated Socialist Labor Party. At the end of 1891 her marriage deteriorated. To escape her mentally unstable husband, who had grown violent, she fled with her children to Jane Addams's Hull House in Chicago. ______________________ 5*biography.com/cgi-bin/biomain.cgi*, Kelley, Florence (Molthrop) For the next eight years she lived and worked with Hull House residents and supporters. These were women of her class who strongly believed that they belonged in the public arena calling attention to the working conditions of children and women, social injustice and democracy for all. During her years at Hull House she led a

Strategic Account for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Account for Decision Making - Essay Example These are assessed in order. It is evident that BPC is performing better in both. The margins indicate that FF(Cardiff) has still some more opportunities to cut down costs and increase the margin by about 2%. This is also substantiated by the Expenses/Sales ratio (90% to 92%). However, FF(Cardiff) uses about  £41 ( £319 -  £278) more to generate  £1000 sales, i.e., the asset turnover rate is lesser in FF(Cardiff). This is a significant difference and so, FF(Cardiff) has to take some action to optimize the use of assets. These figures indicate that FF(Cardiff) does not utilize both fixed and current assets to the optimum extent. The ratios indicate that there is a major problem with fixed assets, i.e., BPF utilizes about  £254 of fixed assets to generate sales of  £1000 whereas FF(Cardiff) takes about  £287 worth of fixed assets to generate  £1000 sales. This difference ( £33) indicates that the processes used by FF(Cardiff) are not efficient. The current assets too have a major impact on sales (41.7x to 33x). In order to estimate the extent to which each current asset contributes to the issue, the next three ratios (7, 8 and 9) are compared with those of the best performing club (BPC). The stock turnover period indicates that FF(Cardiff) is more efficient in moving the stock. However, FF(Cardiff) can improvise on debt collection period, since it takes 3.1 days for FF(Cardiff) to collect cash whereas BPF does it in 2.4 days. These figures indicate that FF(Cardiff) takes about (365/59) 6 days to convert cash in the bank to sales, whereas BPF takes about roughly (365/83.3) 4 days to convert cash to sales. This is a significant difference (2 days), but it is not of great importance. However, FF(Cardiff) can focus on reducing the cash in the bank and convert them to sales at a faster rate, as cash kept idle does not reap any profits. As far as the liquidity ratios are concerned, there is no much difference in the current ratios (1.8:1 and 1.7:1).     

Discussion 1 Week 5 Outsourcing and In-House Operations Assignment

Discussion 1 Week 5 Outsourcing and In-House Operations - Assignment Example These functions are crucial in nature and scope that core competencies of federal employees are needed for their undertaking and performance. According to O’Connor (2007), some of the functions included in the list are: (1) conducting criminal investigations; (2) commanding military forces; (3) conducting foreign relations and policy; (4) prioritizing Federal programs for budgetary purposes; among others. Accordingly, these functions are reviewed and modified, as deemed necessary, by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) officials (OConnor, 2007). As such, only when projects or programs are classified not within the inherently governmental function could other options through outsourcing could be resorted to. As emphasized, the option to outsource would only be justified when the cost of contracting services to private agencies or organizations is considerably lower than in-house services. Likewise, the decision to outsource or retain in-house transactions, is still governed by policies and procedures outlined by the OMB. 2. Outsourcing and in-house operations are interactive elements of materials acquisition planning, resource allocation planning, and materials flow control. Argue whether or not inherently government functions should be outsourced. Support your argument with example(s). Then, offer an alternative based on your position. One strongly believes that classifying functions as inherently government, by nature, should not be outsourced. For instance, one of the functions noted as inherently government is the â€Å"command of military forces, especially the leadership of military personnel who are members of the combat, combat support, or combat service support role† (OConnor, 2007, p. 109). In this particular situation, only the expertise and skills of federal officers are needed to perform the specific function. In no way would outsourcing serve the best interests of the

Investment report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Investment report - Essay Example Trading techniques, for example, the ‘momentum’ has enabled many traders to realize significant out performance in the investment markets. On the other hand, ‘contrarian’ technique/strategy is placed in the third place. To understand how investment strategies operate, traders need to review features of these strategies. However, in the process of applying the stated techniques, it is important to note that studies done on the foreign exchange markets indicate that their a corresponding reliance of data from various sources. When the information emerges from competing trade on investment, the most renowned is ‘market’ strategy which is closely followed by ‘momentum’ and finally ‘the contrarian’ technique. A different theory indicates that all the strategies listed above can work autonomously in investment activities. It means that there is possibility of relating an organization with a particular technique and another with a different strategy. For example, people who prefer using marketing strategies are known to understand stock market trends. In addition, they may also be perceived as better placed in the stock market activities than the competitors. Among the available strategies in the stock market, marketing strategy has existed for the longest time (Lintner, 2001). A number of researches conducted before indicate that marketing strategy has been producing excess returns in the stock market. In this project, the assumptions made on marketing strategy will only help in developing the strategy that will be applied. The difference between the three strategies is the contrarian and momentum strategies rely much on the information got after technically reviewing the nature and performance of the stock markets, while market strategy rely much on the stock market’s history. On a different scale, if an investor translates the results of his or her investment as the

Explanation Of The Digestive System And Associated Diseases Biology Essay

Explanation Of The Digestive System And Associated Diseases Biology Essay Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, a process required for survival. Without the capability to break food down into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream, an organisms energy levels would not support life. In humans and animals, blood cells must maintain a constant supply of energy for growth, repair, and reproduction. This energy is derived through ingested food that is broken down to a usable form through digestion. The digestive system is a contributor to the internal stability maintained for health and overall survival (Ch. 3: Human Organization, n.d). There are five stages of digestion that the human body goes through. Movement is the first stage; it is necessary to, first, propel food through the digestive organs so the following stages can occur. Stage two is glandular secretions that are released as a response to specific stimuli. These digestive juices assist in the chemical break down of food. In stage three, digestion breaks down food to a small enough form that will enable the molecular components to cross plasma membranes in cells, which allows stage four to take coarse. In stage four, absorption occurs as the molecules are passed into the bodies interior, or passed throughout the body if the molecules are unnecessary for the health of the organism. Finally, stage five, the process of the passing of the unneeded molecules discovered in stage four. The body must eliminate waste and undigested food in this final stage. Each stage involves appointed organs to do specific jobs along the process of digestion (Audersirk, Audersi rk, & Byers, 2008). HOMEOSTASIS Picture how a well oiled machine works, or a fine tuned orchestra; each instrumentalist working as an individual to produce one intricate melody. The individual string players produce one sound within the melody, the percussion produce another contributing sound, the winds, another, and so on. The equilibrium of such a scenario is very similar to how the human body performs homeostasis. Each different organ system maintains stability within the human body by contributing its own specific function through individual organs. These functions involve coordinated responses to abnormal stimuli or situations, and then work together to alleviate the abnormality (Audersirk, et al., 2008). There are five main functions that are involved in human homeostasis. The protective skin; featuring hair, nails, sweat and oil glands is known as the integumentary system. Support and movement of the body is provided by the muscular and skeletal systems. Survival, integration and control of the human body are supported by the nervous system, which senses stimuli and allows the body to control itself through thought; musculoskeletal system, where the muscle and bone functions combine to produce reflexes and strength, glandular system, producing chemicals for cellular stability; and endocrine system, releasing hormones. Continuance of the species relies on the reproductive organ systems, gametes such as sperm and eggs, and endocrine systems to release hormones. The overall maintenance of the body relies on several organ systems that are cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, and urinary and last, but certainly not least, the digestive system (Ch. 3: Human Organization, n.d). The digestive system keeps the conditions of the body normal, contributing to the tissue fluids that bathe cells with needed nutrients. Blood and tissue need to maintain a constant composition for cells to function and support the organism life. Although the endocrine and nervous system act as the composers of the hypothetical symphony that is homeostasis by coordinating organ system activities, the digestive system is a key member. This organ system is important because it helps maintain levels of energy in the cells through the absorption of nutrients, fats and glucose. Those nutrients, fats and glucose provide support for other systems and their cells as well as the overall health of the being. The digestive system is a contributor to the dynamic equilibrium that homeostasis is (Ch. 3: Human Organization, n.d.). HOW THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INTERACT WITH OTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS? The digestive system works in parallel with the kidneys and urinary (excretory system). While the digestive system collects and removes solids not digested, the excretory system filters compounds from the blood stream and collects them in urine. These systems work together to control the amount of water in your body. (Dowshen M.D., 2007) The circulatory system interacts with the digestive system to distribute the absorbed vitamins and nutrients through the body. To control the speed of digestion, the circulatory system carries chemical signals from the endocrine system (Dowshen M.D., 2007). The Endocrine system directs all the systems in the body to complete their intended functions. One way in which this occurs is through the release of hormones. Three major hormones, Gastrin, Secretin, and Cholecystokinin, control the digestion process. Produced and released through the mucosa of the small intestine, they travel through the heart, and arteries back to the digestive system where they stimulate digestive juices and organ movement. Other hormones in the digestive system that regulate the appetite are Ghrelin and Peptide YY. They work on the brain to help regulate the intake of food for energy (American Dietetic Association, 2008). The nervous system is also involved and supports the digestive system. Two nerves help control the action of the digestive system. The Extrinsic (outside) nerves come to the digestive organs from the brain/spinal cord. Acetylcholine, which causes the muscle layers in the digestive organs to squeeze with more force increasing digestive juices and the push of food through the digestive tract travels through these nerves. Adrenaline has the opposite effect, it relaxes the stomach and intestine, and decreases blood flow to the organs, slowing or stopping digestion (American Dietetic Association, 2008). The second is the Intrinsic (inside) nerve; it makes up a dense network embedded in the walls of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. This nerve is triggered when the walls of the hollow organs are stretched by food. It releases many different substances, which will speed up or delay the movement of food and production of juices by the digestive system. (American Dietetic Association, 2008). A perfectly functioning digestive system relies on many different systems to reach peak performance. Without the support and contribution of these systems the digestive system would be compromised affecting an individuals health. ORGANS IN THE DIGESTIVE SYTEM There are many organs in the digestive system that contribute to food digestion and the overall health of an individual. They include the oral cavity, salivary glands (Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublinqual), pharynx, epiglottis, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and rectum (Audersirk, et al., 2008). The Oral Cavity (mouth) is where food begins its digestive journey. As food is taken into the mouth it is chewed into small bits and mixed with saliva from the salivary glands: Paratoid, Submandibular, and Sublingual. Saliva aids digestion through the contribution of Amylase which is a digestive enzyme used to form sugar from starch, helping to prevent bacterial infections, and making it easier to swallow. As food passes from the mouth to the Pharynx, swallowing occurs which activates the Epiglottis (muscle flap) to cover the opening to a persons airway. The Epiglottis is a director keeping food out of areas it doesnt belong and sending it into the esophagus (food highway). The Esophagus is a passageway that travels from the pharynx to the stomach. Food moves through the esophagus towards the stomach with the aid of peristalses (muscle contractions). As food moves through the esophagus mucus is released to coat the passageway and protect if from being damaged as food travels to the s tomach (Audersirk, et al, 2008). As the food reaches the Stomach it passes through the Lower Esophageal Sphincter which acts as a lid to prevent stomach contents from entering the esophagus. The stomach is a muscular plant that functions to regulate the flow of food into the small intestine create smaller pieces of food through muscular contractions, and breakdown food through chemical processes. Gastric glands located in the stomach lining add Pepsinogen (inactive digestive enzyme), hydrochloric acid, and mucus into the stomach cavity to aid in the digestive process. The Pepsinogen becomes Pepsin (the active enzyme) when it is introduced to the hydrochloric acid. This separation of substances prevents the stomach from eating itself. The pepsin then starts protein digestion while the food is within the stomach. The mixing and churning of the stomach created by peristalsis, and the digestive enzymes and substances released into the stomach produces Chyme (partially digested food and digestive secretions ( Audersirk, et al., pg. 698 2008]). Chyme is the substance released at a regulated rate through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. This portion of digestion can occur within 2 to 6 hours (Audersirk, et al., 2008). The Small Intestine is where the majority of digestion and absorption occurs. As chyme passes into the small intestine several enzymes and digestive secretions are released. The Liver contributes bile which is comprised of bile salts, water, other salts, and cholesterol. (Audersirk, et al., pg. 698, 2008) The salts contained within bile aid with the digestion and diffusion of fats within the chyme. The Pancreas disburses pancreatic juice (water, sodium bicarbonate, and digestive enzymes (Audersirk, et al., pg. 699, 2008]) into the small intestine which lowers the acidic levels of the chyme and aids in digestion. Digestive enzymes within pancreatic juice include pancreatic Amylase (effective carbohydrate enzyme), lipases (breaks down fats, lipids), and proteases (finishes protein breakdown). Once the useful substances contained in chyme (carbohydrates, protein, nutrients, lipids) are broken down, absorption occurs through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream, except f or glycerol and fatty acids. These must travel a different absorption route. Chylomicrons (groups of fat particles and protein) travel through the lacteal into the lymphatic system and end up in a vein close to the heart. The leftover waste is then passed into the large intestine (Audersirk, et al., 2008). The Large Intestine consists of the colon (ascending, transverse, and descending), and the rectum. The main function of the large intestine is to produce vitamins necessary for the body such as vitamin B12 and vitamin K. These vitamins are synthesized (produced chemically or biologically [MSN.Encarta Dictionary, 2008]) by bacteria within the large intestine and are then absorbed. This absorption triggers muscles (peristalsis) that contract the remaining waste into feces to be expelled from the body through the rectum (Audersirk, et al., 2008). THE ESOPHAGUS All the organs in the digestive system are formed specifically for the purpose of their function. Take the esophagus for example. The esophagus main purpose is get food from the mouth to the stomach, which makes its composition critical. Beginning at the base of the pharynx, the esophagus opens through the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) and ends at the stomach with the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES). The UES directs food into the Esophagus while the LES keeps food that has already left the esophagus and stomach acid from getting into it. Approximately 10 in length it is comprised of various muscular tissues. The upper third of the esophagus is striated muscle which is triggered by voluntary impulses. Once past the upper third of the esophagus the muscles turn smooth becoming the smoothest in the bottom portion of the esophagus. Smooth muscle is operated involuntarily by the nervous system. These muscles are in two layers. The outer layer of muscle fibers of the esophagus run vertically, while the inner layer of muscle fibers surrounds the esophagus in rings. These muscles are what move the food down the esophagus to the stomach. Prior to food entering, the esophagus remains collapsed, but as food enters it a signal is sent to the nervous system that triggers peristaltic contractions. These muscular contractions are the power behind the movement of food (Rosenberger M.D., n.d; Pope, C.E., 2008). The muscular layers of the esophagus are joined to an internal mucous layer via the Areolar or sub-mucous layer. This mucous membrane covers the interior of the esophagus and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer of two to three layers of cells Located within the sub-mucous layer are the mucous type esophageal glands. The mucous membrane protects the esophagus from damage and aids the movement of food toward the stomach (Coutsoukis, n.d.). The esophagus receives blood from the inferior thyroid artery, tracheobronchial arteries, and the left gastric artery. Its venous pathways (route blood leaves the esophagus) are the superior vena cava, azygous system, and gastric veins. The structure of the esophagus and the support of the circulatory and nervous system all combine to make the esophagus a highly complex organ capable of completing its function as a highly developed transportation system (Rosenberger M.D., n.d; Pope, C.E., 2008). DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES Several diseases and conditions can develop in the digestive system that can seriously affect an individuals overall health and quality of life. A person receives the nutrients that are necessary to sustain a healthy body through the digestive system, which makes its proper function critical to sustain life. Some of the diseases associated with this system develop due to a nutrient or vitamin deficiency in an individuals diet, consumption of excessive alcoholic beverages, or conditions that arise from a lack of development prior to birth. Two of these types of diseases are preventable through proper diet and good lifestyle choices, while the third is beyond the control of an individual to influence. In an effort to illustrate the differences, a disease from each type was chosen and discussed in the following paragraphs. Hirschsprungs is a disease caused by a birth defect, while Cirrhosis is caused from the consumption of excessive alcoholic beverages or exposure to Hepatitis A, B, or C (Audersirk, et al., 2008). Hirschsprungs disease (HD) is a condition that humans are born with due to lack of development in the large intestine or colon. This disease usually manifests in children and causes constipation or the complete inability to have a bowel movement. This occurs because the large intestine lacks the necessary equipment to do the job. Special nerve cells in the intestine, called ganglion cells make the muscles push. (Hirschsprungs disease, n.d.). These muscular contractions push the feces into the rectum so that it can exit the body. A child born with Hirschsprungs disease doesnt have these cells in parts of their intestine. As the stool enters one of these sections it stops creating a blockage. The stool then backs up into the small intestine and can cause a serious infection known as Enterocolitis. If left untreated, it can cause the colon to rupture creating the possibility of death. HD is common in children with Downs syndrome. Currently, surgery is the only available treatment and requires removing the section of diseased intestine. A colostomy bag is attached to the exterior of the body to receive bowel movements until the intestine heals. After it heals a second surgery is needed to reconnect the intestine with the anus. Children that receive the surgery can go on to lead normal lifestyles. The bodies inability to remove waste created from digestion created a life threatening situation (Hirschsprungs disease, n.d.). Cirrhosis of the liver is an example of a disease in the digestive system that is preventable. Cirrhosis is from damaged or scarred liver tissue. The scar tissue prevents the liver from functioning to its full capacity of making protein, fighting infections, cleaning the blood, assistance in digesting food and storing energy. Normal blood flow through the liver is blocked by the scar tissue. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is the main cause for Cirrhosis. However, it can occur in humans if hepatitis A, B or C is contracted. Some causes of the disease may not be identifiable even after blood tests and an examination by a physician. It can be life threatening, but is usually treatable if detected early. People with Cirrhosis have to be extremely careful about medications and alcohol intake since the liver acts as a catalyst in breaking down chemicals and nutrients which may cause the liver to stop functioning completely. Regular exercise and a nutritious diet can prevent contracting the disease. Vaccinations are also available for Hepatitis A and B, but not for C (Audersirk, et al., 2008). A digestive system must be whole in order to function appropriately. A persons best bet for digestive health is to eat a healthy well rounded diet full of fiber, fruit, and the vitamins and nutrients necessary to promote a healthy body. Taking preventative sensible measures wont guarantee a persons health but it will greatly increase the odds in their favor.

Movie: Disaster At Hillsborough :: essays research papers

Movie: Disaster at Hillsborough Summary The movie "Disaster at Hillsborough" showed the complexity of a stampede. From the build-up of people outside the gate, to the disaster that ended in the death of 95 people. The film started out outside the stadium where 95 people died at a soccer game. The stadium was not equipped for the masses of people to show up all at the same place at the same time. According to the officer interviewed there was no plan in case of an emergency and no problems anticipated. The atmosphere outside the gates was pleasant and people were looking forward to a good game. The stampede started when the people in the rear realized that the game was to start before they were going to get in. The stampede could possibly been averted if the kickoff were delayed but the man "in charge" refused to delay. Just as at the "Who" concert the people in the rear of the line were in an acquisitive panic to get into the stadium. This pressure was recognized by the police in the front of the line and due to poor communication nothing could be done to stop it. A large gate "gate C" was finally opened to let off the pressure in front. This is when the true disaster occurred. People funneled straight onto the already full pens and created the stampede which killed the 95 people. People in the rear were in an acquisitive panic and the people in the front who were getting crushed were in a fearful panic. The emergency gates would open but the police, not realizing the situation, kept people in and closed the gates. Critique This example could not be anymore perfect to show a stampede and panic. All four components were met. (1) Partial entrapment; the reality is complete entrapment. As at the Who concert the only avenue of escape was blocked by the police. (2) Perceived threat; this comes from both ends of the panic. The people at the rear were threatened by the fact that they would miss the kickoff of the game or even not be able to get into the game. The people at the front were facing the threat of being crushed. (3) The partial breakdown of escape routs is obvious from the front. The gates to get out were blocked by the police and there was a high fence blocking everyone on all sides except the tunnel which was blocked by people trying to get into the pens. (4) Front to rear communications breakdown occurred when the people at the fence realized the